What is it?

Hydrocephalus also called water in the brain, is a condition where there is an abnormal build up of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in the cavities (ventricles) of the brain. The build-up is often caused by an obstruction that prevents proper fluid drainage.

The extra fluid puts pressure on the brain and can cause brain damage. It's most common in infants and older adults.

Hydrocephalus is characterized by head enlargement in infants. Adults and older children experience headache, impaired vision, cognitive difficulties, loss of coordination, and incontinence.

Can it be cured?

There is currently no known way to prevent or cure hydrocephalus and the only treatment option today requires brain surgery. With early detection and appropriate intervention of hydrocephalus, the future for many is promising. Recent research is advancing knowledge and moving us closer to a cure.

Treatment is often a tube (shunt) inserted surgically into a ventricle to drain excess fluid.

Left untreated, hydrocephalus can cause severe disability, even death.

What do I need to know?

• It is Rare-Fewer than 200,000 US cases per year

• Treatable by a medical professional

• Lab tests or imaging always required

• Critical: needs emergency care